No.
What affects a child is whether or not they were raised with love and come from a loving, and stable environment.
A child needs someone to look up to.. a strong role model to bestow values, and teach them the importance of doing the right thing.. someone to pick them up when they are down, and encourage them. and that can come from anyone, regardless of gender and sexual orientation.
If the mother has seen more cock than a chicken farmer, and has a better chance of finding identical snowflakes, than finding the father of her own kid(s), then it would be pretty much a given that that kid is going to have some issues, not just because of the fact that the father is out of the picture, but also because the mother's own issues will fall on the child as well.
The mother might end up resenting the child because that kid means that they have to be responsible, and would have to think about someone other than themselves. The mother would likely end up taking their anger out on the child, rather than placing it where it belongs, and this is the type of thing that will affect the child.
This does not apply to sexual orientation in the least, unless, the gay parent has the same traits as the straight parent I mentioned earlier.
I am no expert and so, I can't offer proof, but I can offer personal experience.
My parents weren't gay, but I was raised by 2 women. My mother and my late great-grandmother. My mother was married to my father until he decided that running around and doing anything but being a responsible person would be better than being a father to his own kids. In a nutshell, my father was a rolling stone. (I doubt that most of you would get that reference, but it is from a really old song.)
My mother worked 2 jobs and put herself through college to take care of me and my brother, and she was also taking care of my great-grandmother as well. By the time my great-grandmother had gotten much older, and a diminished mental capacity, I was old enough to help out. I not only helped my mother to take care of her, but I also helped to take care of my brother as well. I walked him to school, helped him with his homework, and eventually, fought his bullies. I also fulfilled both the role of an older sister, and of an older brother (as best I could) as well. I would eventually be the one to take care of my great-grandmother until her death.
We were both bullied as well, and we both fought back. The reasons we were bullied had nothing to do with the fact that we were raised by 2 women, but it had a lot to do with the fact that we were smarter, and pretty much better than a lot of the other students in our classes. The teachers always had good things to say about us, and we won awards for our good grades and attendance. I've actually gotten an award from the state for my grades.
My mother eventually met, and married our stepfather, who has not only met the expectations of a father, but he has exceeded them as well.
My brother and I didn't want for anything growing up, and we were very well taken care of. By the time my mother met our stepfather, I was already 14, and had spent a significant part of my life without a father figure, and I was ok with that since I didn't feel as though I were missing out on anything. I realize that it is different for boys, and that is why I am grateful that our stepfather was able and willing to not only love our mother, but also, to take my brother through the important milestones that come up in a boy's life.
Every important milestone my brother and I have had has been shared with us and eventually our stepfather. Although I was 14, when he met my mother, and just about done with childhood, my stepfather has fulfilled roles as a father, that I didn't think I'd ever need, and I am actually honored by the fact that he has stepped up to the plate and been the kind of father that my brother and I needed, but never had.
Our father, on the other hand, has missed out on all of that, and he hasn't anyone to blame but himself. At this point, I am not even angry at him anymore, and I haven't been for a long time.. I just pity him. Since losing our grandmother in 2003, I have been keeping the promise I made to her where my father is concerned, and I have stepped up my efforts, after having lost my grandfather in February. After the death of my grandfather, my father really hasn't been the same, I am only trying to do what I feel is the right thing to do. I talk to him and check up on him from time to time, but I don't really have a relationship with him.
I remember what it was like when my father was around, and I would say that we had a much more loving and stable home with my mother and great-grandmother, than we would have had with my father.
That being said, I think the arguments against Gays where parenting are concerned are, to put it in Disney-approved terms, bogus. A kid would still be bullied even if his/her parents weren't gay.
I was targeted/bullied for the following:
- Being a girl (the only girl in quite a few of my classes.)
- Being smart (I was called a nerd.)
- Wearing glasses (I was called Urkel)
- Being a tomboy (I was called a dyke, but after getting into a fight, I was called a dude because they said I fight like one..)
- Being able to fight (I was previously thought to be weak, and when I got tired of being picked on, and fought back putting the guy in the emergency room, someone started the rumor that I was crazy..
- Being skinny (Some kids said that I look like I had AIDS..)
- Having no boobs or curves. (Girls would tease me and call me a boy, because I was a tomboy and I wasn't girly. Over that Summer, I would go into early puberty and come back with both boobs and curves.) I also had to give up sports because my gym teacher was concerned about how the boys would treat me. She suggested that I become a cheerleader since I was athletic.
- Having big boobs (girls thought they were fake and would "accidentally" spill water on me. They were mad because mine didn't shrink, and theirs did when I splashed them back.)
- Being shy and staying to myself (many thought this meant I was weak, and wouldn't fight back if picked on, and others thought that I was a narcissist and thought that I was better than everyone else.)
- Not wearing designer clothes. (Not due to a lack of money for them so much as a lack of interest in them.)
- Not being promiscuous. (I've heard more than my fair share of gay rumors back then.)
- Being born in Germany. (I've been called a Nazi more times than I've been called a Ni**er.)
- Being light-skinned. (I've always identified myself as Black, despite my Irish and NA heritage, but I have gotten a lot of crap from girls over my skin color, especially from the ones who thought I was full of myself.)
- Being considered pretty/attractive. (I've had people write me off because of my appearance and thought that I was just a pretty face and not much else. I've learned that people treat you differently when they think you are stupid.)
- Dating a White guy. (I've taken a lot of crap from both ignorant Blacks and Whites over this one. I won't even bother with expanding on this further as we'd be here all night..)
But yeah, these are some of the reasons that I've gotten crap while growing up, and none of them had to do with the gender of my parents.